Reply to comment on “Storm surge frequency reduction in Venice under climate change” by G. Jordà, D. Gomis & M. Marcos     

Alberto Troccoli  Filippo Zambon  Kevin I. Hodges  Marco Marani 《Climatic change》2012,113(3-4):1089-1095

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Numerical modeling of space-time wave extremes using WAVEWATCH III     

Francesco Barbariol  Jose-Henrique G. M. Alves  Alvise Benetazzo  Filippo Bergamasco  Luciana Bertotti  Sandro Carniel  Luigi Cavaleri  Yung Y. Chao  Arun Chawla  Antonio Ricchi  Mauro Sclavo  Hendrik Tolman 《Ocean Dynamics》2017,67(3-4):535-549

A novel implementation of parameters estimating the space-time wave extremes within the spectral wave model WAVEWATCH III (WW3) is presented. The new output parameters, available in WW3 version 5.16, rely on the theoretical model of Fedele (J Phys Oceanogr 42(9):1601-1615, 2012) extended by Benetazzo et al. (J Phys Oceanogr 45(9):2261–2275, 2015) to estimate the maximum second-order nonlinear crest height over a given space-time region. In order to assess the wave height associated to the maximum crest height and the maximum wave height (generally different in a broad-band stormy sea state), the linear quasi-determinism theory of Boccotti (2000) is considered. The new WW3 implementation is tested by simulating sea states and space-time extremes over the Mediterranean Sea (forced by the wind fields produced by the COSMO-ME atmospheric model). Model simulations are compared to space-time wave maxima observed on March 10th, 2014, in the northern Adriatic Sea (Italy), by a stereo camera system installed on-board the “Acqua Alta” oceanographic tower. Results show that modeled space-time extremes are in general agreement with observations. Differences are mostly ascribed to the accuracy of the wind forcing and, to a lesser extent, to the approximations introduced in the space-time extremes parameterizations. Model estimates are expected to be even more accurate over areas larger than the mean wavelength (for instance, the model grid size).  相似文献   

Projected seasonal mean summer monsoon over India and adjoining regions for the twenty-first century     

Sushil K. Dash  Saroj K. Mishra  Kanhu C. Pattnayak  Ashu Mamgain  Laura Mariotti  Erika Coppola  Filippo Giorgi  Graziano Giuliani 《Theoretical and Applied Climatology》2015,122(3-4):581-593

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Climate Change over China in the 21st Century as Simulated by BCC_CSM1.1-RegCM4.0   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

GAO Xue-Jie  WANG Mei-Li  Filippo GIORGI 《大气和海洋科学快报》2013,6(5):381-386

Driven by the global model,Beijing Climate Center Climate System Model version 1.1(BCC_CSM1.1),climate change over China in the 21st century is simulated by a regional climate model(RegCM4.0)under the new emission scenarios of the Representative Concentration Pathways—RCP4.5 and RCP8.5.This is based on a period of transient simulations from 1950 to2099,with a grid spacing of 50 km.The present paper focuses on the annual mean temperature and precipitation in China over this period,with emphasis on their future changes.Validation of model performance reveals marked improvement of the RegCM4.0 model in reproducing present day temperature and precipitation relative to the driving BCC_CSM1.1 model.Significant warming is simulated by both BCC_CSM1.1 and RegCM4.0,however,spatial distribution and magnitude differ between the simulations.The high emission scenario RCP8.5 results in greater warming compared to RCP4.5.The two models project different precipitation changes,characterized by a general increase in the BCC_CSM1.1,and broader areas with decrease in the RegCM4.0 simulations.  相似文献   

Planetary scientific target detection via deep learning: A case study for finding shatter cones in Mars rover images     

Andreas Bechtold  Gerhard Paar  Filippo Garolla  Rebecca Nowak  Laura Fritz  Christoph Traxler  Oliver Sidla  Christian Koeberl 《Meteoritics & planetary science》2023,58(9):1274-1286

Past, present, and forthcoming planetary rover missions to Mars and other planetary bodies are equipped with a large number of scientific cameras. The very large number of images resulting from this, combined with tight time constraints for navigation, measurements, and analyses, pose a major challenge for the mission teams in terms of scientific target evaluation. Shatter cones are the only macroscopic evidence for impact-induced shock metamorphism and therefore impact craters on Earth. The typical features of shatter cones, such as striations and horsetail structures, are particularly suitable for machine learning methods. The necessary training images do not exist for such a case; therefore, we pursued the approach of producing them artificially. Using PRo3D, a viewer developed for the interactive exploration and geologic analysis of high-resolution planetary surface reconstructions, we virtually placed shatter cones in 3-D background scenes processed from true Mars rover imagery. We use PRo3D-rendered images of such scenes as training data for machine learning architectures. Terrestrial analog studies in Ethiopia supported our lab work and were used to test the resulting neural network of this feasibility study. The result showed that our approach with shatter cones in artificial Mars rover scenes is suitable to train neural networks for automatic detection of shatter cones. In addition, we have identified several aspects that can be used to improve the training of the neural network and increase the recognition rate. For example, using background data with a higher resolution in order to have equal resolution of object (shatter cone) and Martian background and increase the number of objects that can be placed in the training data set. Also using better lighting reconstructions and a better radiometric adaption between object and Martian background would further improve the results.  相似文献   

Numerical simulations of the 1963 Vajont landslide, Italy: application of 1D Lagrangian modelling   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Filippo Zaniboni  Stefano Tinti 《Natural Hazards》2014,70(1):567-592

On 9 October 1963, a rock mass of about 250 millions m³, with a front width of 1,850 m, a mean thickness of about 200 m and a length of 350–400 m, detached from Mt Toc, on the left side of the Vajont valley, NE Italy, and collapsed into the reservoir created by a 261 m high dam. About 40 millions m³ of water was displaced, climbed up 200 m on the opposite side and then destroyed the little town of Longarone causing more than 2,000 casualties. This event is well known and was the object of numerous technical and scientific studies, especially in the two decades following the disaster. This work proposes a re-examination of the matter, focusing on the numerical modelling of the landslide, and is carried out by using a 1D numerical code based on a Lagrangian approach. The model is properly conceived for cases with slide length prevailing on width. When the slide width is comparable or prevailing on length, as is the case of the Vajont slide, the mass is first partitioned into a number of longitudinal long and narrow sub-slides. The Vajont mass was subdivided into six strips and the motion of each sub-slide was computed. The knowledge of the final deposit position allowed us to constrain the value of some relevant parameters characterizing the slide motion, the most interesting being the friction coefficient μ, that we varied in order to obtain the best-fit between calculated and observed deposits. Taking into account the additional constraint that all sub-slides move with the same or at least with similar speed, and introducing a global misfit based on deposit and velocity misfits, we were able to show that solutions minimizing the global misfit exhibit a relevant difference between the basal friction coefficients of the western and of the eastern sides of the sliding surface, with the former being significantly smaller (0.14–0.16) than the latter (0.32–0.34).  相似文献   

On the stability of magmatic cordierite and new thermobarometric equations for cordierite-saturated liquids     

Filippo Ridolfi  Alberto Renzulli  Antonio Acosta-Vigil 《Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology》2014,167(4):1-20

In this work, we have reviewed a large compositional dataset (571 analyses) for natural and experimental glasses to understand the physico-chemical and compositional conditions of magmatic cordierite crystallization. Cordierite crystallizes in peraluminous liquids (A/CNK ≥1) at temperatures ≥750 °C, pressures ≤700 MPa, variable H₂O activity (0.1–1.0) and relatively low fO₂ conditions (≤NNO ? 0.5). In addition to A/CNK ratio ≥1, a required condition for cordierite crystallization is a Si + Al cation value of the rhyolite liquid of 4 p8O (i.e. calculated on the 8 oxygen anhydrous basis), which is consistent with low Fe³⁺ contents and the absence or low content of non-bridging oxygens (NBO). This geochemical condition is strongly supported by the rare, if not unique, structure of cordierite where the tetrahedral framework is composed almost exclusively of Si and Al cations the sum of which is equal to 4 p8O [i.e. (Mg,Fe)_8/9Al_16/9Si_20/9O₈], indicating that aluminium (and cordierite) saturation is limited by rhyolite liquids with Al = 4 ? Si. Indeed, synthetic or natural systems with Al > 4 ? Si always show metastable glass-in-glass separation or crystallization of refractory minerals such as corundum (Al_16/3O₈) and aluminosilicates (Al_16/5Si_8/5O₈). Multivariate regression analyses of literature data for experimental glasses coexisting with magmatic cordierite produced two empirical equations to independently calculate the T (±13 °C; ME, maximum error = 29 °C) and P (±16 %; ME% = 27 %) conditions of cordierite saturation. The greatest influence on the two equations is exerted by H₂O_melt and Al concentrations, respectively. Testing of these equations with other thermobarometric constraints (e.g. feldspar-liquid, GASP, Grt–Bt and Grt–Crd equilibria) and thermodynamic models (NCKFMASHTO and NCKFMASH systems) was successfully performed for Crd-bearing rhyolites and residual enclaves from San Vincenzo (Tuscany, Italy), Morococala Field (Bolivia) and El Hoyazo (Spain). The reliability of each calculated P–T pair was graphically evaluated using the minimum and maximum P–T–H₂O relationships for peraluminous rhyolite liquids modified after the metaluminous relationships in this work. Both P–T calculations and checking can be easily performed with the attached user-friendly spreadsheet (i.e. Crd-sat_TB).  相似文献   

Flooding scenarios due to land subsidence and sea‐level rise: a case study for Lipari Island (Italy)          下载免费PDF全文

Marco Anzidei  Alessandro Bosman  Roberto Carluccio  Daniele Casalbore  Francesca D'Ajello Caracciolo  Alessandra Esposito  Iacopo Nicolosi  Grazia Pietrantonio  Antonio Vecchio  Cosmo Carmisciano  Massimo Chiappini  Francesco Latino Chiocci  Filippo Muccini  Vincenzo Sepe 《地学学报》2017,29(1):44-51

Archaeological and instrumental data indicate that the southern sector of the volcanic island of Lipari has been subsiding for the last 2100 years due to isostatic and tectonic factors, at variable rates of up to ~11 mm a^?1. Based on this data, a detailed marine flooding scenario for 2100 AD is provided for the bay of Marina Lunga in the eastern part of the island from (1) an ultra‐high‐resolution Digital Terrain and Marine Model (DTMM) generated from multibeam bathymetry (MB) and Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV), (2) the rate of land subsidence from Global Positioning System (GPS) data and (3) the regional sea‐level projections of the International Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). When land subsidence is considered, the upper bound of sea‐level rise is estimated at 1.36 m and 1.60 m for RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 climate change scenarios, respectively. Here, we show the expected impact of marine flooding at Lipari for the next 85 years and discuss the hazard implications for the population living along the shore.  相似文献   

Exhumation of the Dora Maira ultrahigh‐pressure unit by buoyant uprise within a low‐viscosity mantle oblique‐slip shear zone          下载免费PDF全文

Stefan M. Schmalholz  Filippo L. Schenker 《地学学报》2016,28(5):348-355

The Brossasco‐Isasca subunit (BIU) of the Dora Maira massif is currently the only known continental crustal ultrahigh‐pressure (UHP) unit in the Western Alps. The peak pressure/temperature conditions are 3.5–4.5 GPa/~730 °C; exhumation from ~3.5 GPa to ~1 GPa occurred within 2.2 ± 1.8 Ma, but the exhumation mechanism is incompletely understood. We present a conceptual model for the buoyancy‐driven exhumation of the BIU inside a low‐viscosity, dense mantle shear zone weakened by increased strain rates due to simultaneous strike‐slip and subduction (oblique‐slip) of the European plate. Two‐dimensional thermo‐mechanical models simulate such a buoyant uprise of an ellipse inside an inclined layer. Simulations (i) show the feasibility of the conceptual model, (ii) fit the pressure/temperature/time record and (iii) constrain effective viscosities. The model is compatible with the (i) small volume of continental crustal UHP rock in the Western Alps, (ii) minor erosion during exhumation and (iii) strike‐slip deformation during the exhumation period.  相似文献   

A comparative study on a complex URM building: part I—sensitivity of the seismic response to different modelling options in the equivalent frame models     

Ottonelli  Daria  Manzini  Carlo Filippo  Marano  Corrado  Cordasco  Emilia Angela  Cattari  Serena 《Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering》2022,20(4):2115-2158

Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering - The paper presents the comparison of the results of nonlinear static analyses carried out using six software packages (SWs) available at professional level and...  相似文献